Sanctions are a form of consequence of the actions of a person or group that violates the rules made either based on the agreement of the parties or the law that applies to the community. Basically, sanctions can be imposed if there are rules that apply so that people must obey them, and if they…
Positive Law is a set of laws in force in a country, and every country in the world has its own positive law, including the Republic of Indonesia. Positive law that applies in Indonesia is a combination of interrelated provisions and regulations that are determined based on legal principles that are also interrelated to one…
Legal protection is a very common term that often comes up especially when someone is involved in a legal case. Every citizen has the right to get equal and fair legal protection from the government in order to live safely and peacefully. However, we often see that there are still many people who don’t get…
Discretion is one of many legal terms that is well known both academically and practically. Discretion is exercised by authorities e.g., Government Officials who carry out government affairs, especially in carrying out public interests. In order to be able to carry out the task of administering public welfare, Government Officials administratively need the freedom to…
A summons is a legal remedy that can simply be understood as an event in which a party entitled to receive the performance (the creditor) warns another party who is obligated to give or deliver the performance (the debtor) to immediately fulfill the previously agreed performance, which if not carried out, the debtor can be…
Pledoi is a term that is often heard during the trial. Pursuant to Article 51 letter b of the Criminal Procedure Code (“KUHAP”), defendants who are charged guilty still remain individuals with dignity and values so that their rights must be protected, one of which is to defend and preserve from all charges or accusations…
A. Background The Mining Business Permit (“Izin Usaha Pertambangan, “IUP”) is a permit for mining companies for Exploration activities and production operations in the context of mineral and/or coal exploitation, which was in effect prior to the issuance of Law Number 11 of 1967 on Basic Mining Provisions (“Law 11/1967”), where, in accordance with this…
Civil Law and common law are terms that are often used in legal literature, both academically and practically, when talking about the legal concept of a country. Every country has its own different legal system and principles according to the context of the country’s territory, which is usually influenced by various factors such as customs,…
Codification of Law is one of the terms known as legal literacy in the implementation of law in a place or country, including in Indonesia. Meanwhile, Unification of Law is another legal term related to the laws that we know nowadays. The following below is a further review regarding the Codification and Unification of Law….
Rejoinder is the defendant’s answer to the reply submitted by the plaintiff. The right of the defendant to answer the plaintiff’s reply is regulated in Article 142 of Reglement op de Rechtsvordering (“RV”). In Rejoinder, the defendant can refuse or justify the arguments in the plaintiff’s reply. However, if the defendant does not provide any…