Understanding Fixed-Term and Indefinite-Term Employment Agreements in Indonesia 
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Understanding Fixed-Term and Indefinite-Term Employment Agreements in Indonesia 

ByADCO Law

In Indonesian employment practice, the employment relationship between an employee and an employer always begins with an employment agreement. This agreement serves as the legal basis for determining the rights and obligations of the parties, and provides certainty regarding the employee’s employment status. In general, Indonesian employment law recognizes two main types of employment agreements, i.e., Fixed-Term Employment Agreements (Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tertentu, “PKWT”) and Indefinite-Term Employment Agreements (Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tidak Tertentu, “PKWTT”). Each type carries distinct characteristics, functions, and…

Hybrid Power Plants Now Regulated: Key Takeaways from MEMR Regulation Number 19 of 2025 for Business Actors
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Hybrid Power Plants Now Regulated: Key Takeaways from MEMR Regulation Number 19 of 2025 for Business Actors

ByADCO Law

Issued in December 2025, Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation Number 19 of 2025 on Hybrid Power Plants (“MEMR Regulation 19/2025”) introduces a comprehensive regulatory framework for the development of Hybrid Power Plants or Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Hibrida “PLTH” in Indonesia, particularly for small islands and remote areas. This regulation reflects the government’s policy objectives of ensuring a reliable electric supply, improving operating hours, accelerating the national de-dieselization program,…

The Direction of Crypto Asset Regulation in Indonesia Following the Transfer of Supervisory Authority from Bappebti to the OJK
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The Direction of Crypto Asset Regulation in Indonesia Following the Transfer of Supervisory Authority from Bappebti to the OJK

ByADCO Law

Indonesia’s regulatory approach to crypto assets has undergone a fundamental shift following the transfer of supervisory authority from the Commodity Futures Trading Regulatory Agency or Badan Pengawas Perdagangan Berjangka Komoditi (“Bappebti”) to the Financial Services Authority or Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (“OJK”). Initially regulated as commodities, crypto assets are now positioned within the broader digital financial…

When AI processes Portraits: A Copyright and Ownership Perspective 
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When AI processes Portraits: A Copyright and Ownership Perspective 

ByADCO Law

Street photography and the use of human portraits have taken on new legal significance in the age of Artificial Intelligence (“AI”). Photographs captured without consent are no longer static images, but can be transformed, replicated, or monetized through AI systems, raising complex questions about copyright, moral rights, portrait rights, and ownership. Amid regulatory gaps under…

Corporate Criminal Liability Under the New Criminal Code and Its Implications for Intellectual Property Rights Governance
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Corporate Criminal Liability Under the New Criminal Code and Its Implications for Intellectual Property Rights Governance

ByADCO Law

The enactment of Law Number 1 of 2023 on the Criminal Code (“New Criminal Code” or UU KUHP) marks a fundamental shift in corporate criminal liability by recognizing corporations as direct subjects of criminal law. This change has significant implications for Intellectual Property (“IP”) governance, as IP infringements often arise within day-to-day business operations. The UU KUHP expands the scope of corporate…

Liability for Customer Data in the Hands of Third Parties in the Insurance Sector
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Liability for Customer Data in the Hands of Third Parties in the Insurance Sector

ByADCO Law

The growing digitalization of Indonesia’s insurance industry has expanded the flow of customer data across insurance companies, brokers, vendors, and digital platforms, increasing exposure to privacy and security risks. Under Law Number 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection (“PDP Law”), insurance companies, as data controllers, remain legally responsible for any processing carried out by third-party processors,…

Presidential Regulation 109/2025: Indonesia’s New Framework for Waste-to-Energy Project 
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Presidential Regulation 109/2025: Indonesia’s New Framework for Waste-to-Energy Project 

ByADCO Law

PR 109/2025 introduces a new, investment-oriented framework for Indonesia’s WtE development, replacing PR 35/2018. The regulation expands project eligibility nationwide, simplifies the energy purchase scheme with a fixed tariff of USD 0.20/kWh, centralizes coordination under BPI Danantara, and accelerates environmental licensing. It also clarifies risk allocation and provides transitional measures for existing projects. Together, these…

Constitutional Court Decision No. 96/PUU-XXII/2024: Workers No Longer Required to Participate in Tapera
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Constitutional Court Decision No. 96/PUU-XXII/2024: Workers No Longer Required to Participate in Tapera

ByADCO Law

Constitutional Court Decision No. 96/PUU-XXII/2024 marks a significant shift in Indonesia’s employment and social security framework by declaring the mandatory participation in the Public Housing Savings Program (Tabungan Perumahan Rakyat, “Tapera”) unconstitutional. The decision removes the legal basis for employers to register workers or deduct contributions, while allowing a two-year transition period for regulatory restructuring….

Indonesia’s Constitutional Court Strengthens Data Privacy: Broader Obligation to Appoint Data Protection Officers 
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Indonesia’s Constitutional Court Strengthens Data Privacy: Broader Obligation to Appoint Data Protection Officers 

ByADCO Law

Indonesia’s Constitutional Court has expanded the obligation to appoint Data Protection Officers (“DPO”) through Decision No. 151/PUU-XXII/2024, shifting the criteria from cumulative to alternative. This landmark ruling means that organizations engaging in any high-risk personal data processing, whether in public services, large-scale monitoring, or handling sensitive data, must now appoint a DPO. The decision strengthens…

Indonesia’s Cabotage Rule Reaffirmed: Legal Certainty for Foreign Vessel Use in Offshore Petroleum and Energy Operations
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Indonesia’s Cabotage Rule Reaffirmed: Legal Certainty for Foreign Vessel Use in Offshore Petroleum and Energy Operations

ByADCO Law

Law 66/2024 reaffirms Indonesia’s cabotage principle, strengthening licensing requirements for maritime transport while maintaining a key exception allowing the use of foreign-flagged vessels for specific offshore activities when Indonesian-flagged vessels are unavailable. This continuity is crucial for oil and energy projects, which often rely on floating units such as FPSOs and FSRUs that cannot yet…